See the How to Use Assembly Guides for detailed instructions.

Power-CAN Card Assembly Guide

Table of contents

Power-CAN Card Assembly Guide

Introduction

See the How to Use Assembly Guides for detailed instructions.

The Power-CAN Card is a critical component of the LCC Fusion Project, delivering both robust power distribution and reliable CAN (Controller Area Network) connectivity throughout the system. Designed to ensure efficient power management and seamless communication between nodes, the Power-CAN Card is primarily used with the Quad-Node Card to supply regulated power and enable CAN messaging. Each Node Bus Hub can support up to two Power-CAN Cards, effectively doubling the available power capacity for larger or more demanding configurations.

While the Power-CAN Card is essential for applications involving the Quad-Node Card, it is optional with the Node Card—which already integrates power and CAN functionality—though its inclusion enhances power distribution and provides valuable redundancy when needed. The card supports a variety of power input options to accommodate different configurations, offering flexibility in how power is delivered to the Node Card and other connected elements. For detailed power configurations and recommended setups, please refer to the Power-CAN Card Planning Guide.

Power Monitoring

In addition to its primary roles, the Power-CAN Card is engineered to continuously monitor critical parameters of your power system. It tracks the input voltage, current, and overall power consumption, as well as the output levels of 12 V, 5V, and 3.3 V. This integrated monitoring functionality not only helps ensure efficient performance but also enables early detection of potential issues, thereby safeguarding system reliability. For enhanced usability, an optional OLED display can be mounted on a 4-pin header to provide real-time visual feedback. This display can be customized to show essential data at preset intervals, making it easier for users to assess system performance at a glance.

flowchart LR; 
can["CAN Network"];
n["Quad-Node Card"];
c["Power-CAN Card (2x)"];
p["Power Supply"];
hub["Node Bus Nub"];
ioc["LCC Fusion Cards"];
oled["Display"];
subgraph layout ["Train Layout"];
direction LR;
can <--> c;
p --> c;
c <--> |"CAN Comm, <br/> Power(3V3,5 V,12 V)"| hub;
hub -->  |"CAN Comm, <br/> Power (5 V)"| n;
hub --> |"Power <br/> (3V3,5 V,12 V)"| ioc;
hub --> |"Voltage Levels"| oled;
end;
classDef lSalmonStyle fill:#FFA07A,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px,font-size:24px;
class c lSalmonStyle;
classDef lightGrayStyle fill:#d3d3d3,stroke:#333,stroke-width:2px,font-size:24px;
class layout lightGrayStyle;

## Terminology

For other terms, please refer to the full Terminology Guide.

Assembly-Configuration Options

The Power-CAN Card supports multiple assembly configurations to fit various use cases.

The PCB diagram shown above highlights different components based on their associated configuration. Each color-coded component corresponds to a specific configuration, which is further detailed in the table below.

To use this reference effectively:

Match the Colors: Each assembly option in the table has a matching color in the PCB diagram. This helps identify which components are needed for a specific configuration.
Locate Components Quickly: The highlighted component designators (e.g., D5, J1, JP2) on the PCB indicate where each part is placed.
Identify Required vs. Optional Parts: The table differentiates between required components (essential for functionality) and optional components (enhancements or variations).
Cross-Reference for Clarity: If you’re unsure about a part’s placement, use the designator labels on the PCB along with the descriptions in the table.

This approach ensures a clear, visual guide for assembling the Power-CAN Card based on your specific needs.

Configuration	Required/Optional	Description	Required Components	Optional Components
Power-Input	Required	Provides power input connectors with high-voltage transient protection and input filtering.	• TVS Protection: diode D5 • Reverse‑polarity Protection: diode D15 • Overcurrent Protection: Slow‑burn fuse F1 • 3A Fuse Holder: FH1 with 3A fuse *AND/OR* bypass selectable via header JP2	• Wired Power In Connector with Reverse Protection (either J1/D2 or J2/D1) • USB‑C Power In Socket with Reverse Current Protection (J3/D3) • DC‑005 Power In Connector with Reverse Current Protection (J4/D4)
3.3 V Output	Required	Supplies regulated 3.3 V to the Node Bus.	• 3.3 V Regulated Output: Voltage regulator VR3 with associated capacitor/resistor network (R4) • Reverse Current Protection: Diode D11	None
5 V Output	Required	Supplies regulated 5V to the Node Bus with proper filtering and protection.	• 5V Regulated Output: Buck regulator VR2 accompanied by input filter capacitors C1 (680 µF). C2 (100 uF), C3 (0.1 µF) and C4 (0.33 µF), inductor L1, and fuse F1 • Reverse/Output Protection: Diode D12 • Shunt resistor R5	None
12 V Output	Optional	Provides regulated 12 V (or higher) for powering external devices and the LCC Fusion Node Bus Hub.	• 12 V Regulated Output: Voltage regulator VR1 • Reverse/Output Protection: Schottky diodes D6, D7, D8, D9 • Power Selection 3-Pin Header JP1 with Jumper cap SH1 (set to INPUT when NOT using the 12 V regulator) • Shunt resistor R6	• 12 V Output Connectors: J5, J6, or J7 (for 12 V @ 3A output)
CAT-Wired CAN BUS Option	Optional	Enables wired CAN Bus connectivity over CAT network cable, supporting data exchange with other LCC Fusion Nodes.	• Reverse Polarity Protection: Diode D10 (protects input power from CAN Bus connectors) • CAN Bus Noise Suppression: Ferrite beads FB1 and FB2	• CAN Bus Connections: RJ45 connectors J8 and/or J9 • ESD Protection: Diode D14
2-Wired CAN BUS Option	Optional	Enables wired CAN Bus connectivity over 2-wire, supporting data exchange with other LCC Fusion Nodes or to a computer via a remotely wired CANable module.	• CANable Module Connector: Header J11 • Isolation: High‑speed optocouplers U1 and U2 • Current Limiting for Optocouplers: Resistors R1 and R2 (750 Ω) • CAN Bus Noise Suppression: Ferrite beads FB1 and FB2	• ESD Protection: Diode D13
CANable Module Option	Optional	Supports connection of a 2/3-wired CANable module for interfacing with a computer.	• CANable Module Connector: Header J12 • Isolation: High‑speed optocouplers U1 and U2 • Current Limiting for Optocouplers: Resistors R1 and R2 (750 Ω) • CAN Bus Noise Suppression: Ferrite beads FB1 and FB2	• ESD Protection: Diode D13
Indicators and Controls Support Option	Optional	Provides visual power indicators and firmware control interfaces.	• Power Indicator: LED LED1 with current‑limiting resistor R3	None
Battery Backup Support Option	Optional	Enables battery backup for increased system availability.	• Battery Connector: J10	None
Power Monitoring	Optional	Monitors voltage, voltage drop, and current for input and output power using onboard sensors.	• Monitoring Interface: Connector J13 and selection jumpers JP3/JP4 (to assign a unique Power‑CAN Card ID) • I2C Noise Filtering: Ferrite Beads FB3 and FB4 • ADC for Measurement: Digital converters U3 and U4 (ADS1115) • Voltage Dividers: Resistors R7, R8, R9, R10	• Display: 0.96” OLED display options (PCB side‑mounted via 2x female 4‑pin headers, PCB bottom‑mounted via a 4‑pin male header, or tethered via 2x 4‑pin male headers with a 4‑wire ribbon cable) • I2C Bus Protection: Diode D16 (for ESD protection on the I2C data bus)

Assembly and Component Placement

This section combines both the component specifications and the assembly instructions to ensure a smooth assembly process. Below is a comprehensive list of components, their placement on the PCB, and orientation details to assist you during assembly.

High-Level Steps for Assembly:

PCB for the card can be ordered from any PCB fabricator using these Gerber Files.
Clean PCB with alcohol to remove residue. See Cleaning_PCB for details.
See also: Soldering Tips
PCB Components - listing of components used for PCB assembly
PCB Parts - listing of parts used for PCB assembly

Below is a list of the PCB components used for this card (see diagram before reference):

Component Identifier	Count	Type	Value	Package	Purpose	Orientation
Capacitors
C1	1	Capacitor-Ceramic	0.33uF, 50 V	1206, X7R	Used by 12 V voltage regulator for input filtering (Required when using 12 V voltage regulator (VR1))	None
C2	1	Capacitor-Ceramic	0.1uF, 50 V	1206, X7R	Used by 12 V voltage regulator for input filtering (Required when using 12 V voltage regulator (Q1))	None
C3	1	Capacitor-Ceramic	1nF, 50 V	1206, X7R	Shunts LM2596S-ADJ output high freq spikes	None
C4, C7, C8, C11	4	Capacitor-Polymer Solid	100µF, 35 V	6.3x5.8mm, SMD	Used by 3V3, 5 V, 12 V voltage regulators for input/output filtering	Anode positioned toward PCB top edge
C5, C10	1	Capacitor-Ceramic	0.1uF, 50 V	1206, X7R	Smooths the LM1117-3V3 and LM2596S-ADJ output voltages	None
C6	1	Capacitor-Ceramic	0.1uF, 50 V	1206, X7R	Used by 5V voltage regulator for input filtering	None
C9	1	Capacitor-Ceramic	22uF, 50 V	1206, X7R	Used by 5V voltage regulator for output filtering	None
Diodes
D1 - D4	4	Diode-Schottky	SS310	SMD	Circuit protection (Required when providing power input (J1, J2, J3, or J4))	Cathode end has a white line and positioned towards PCB top edge
D5	1	TVS Diode	SMBJ18A	SMB SMD	Protects from high-voltage transients (>29 V)	Cathode end has a white line and positioned towards PCB top edge
D6	1	Diode-Schottky	SS310	SMD	Required by LM2596	Cathode end has a white line and positioned towards PCB bottom edge
D7, D11, D12	3	Diode-Schottky	SS310	SMD	Circuit protection for reverse voltage from the LCC Fusion Node Bus Hub	Cathode end has a white line and positioned towards PCB bottom edge
D8, D9	2	Diode-Schottky	SS310	SMD	Circuit protection from reverse current from the output linesc	Cathode end has a white line and positioned towards PCB bottom edge
D10	1	Diode-Schottky	SS310	SMD	Circuit protection (Required when providing input power from CAN (J8 or J9))	Cathode end has a white line and positioned towards PCB top edge
D13, D14	2	ESD Diode	PESD1CAN	SOT-23 SMD	CAN Bus data electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection	Fits only one way
D15	1	Diode-Schottky	SS310	SMA SMD	Protects against reverse polarity from ACC BUS.	Cathode end has a white line and positioned towards PCB bottom edge
D16	1	ESD Diode	PESD1CAN	SOT-23 SMD	I2C data bus electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection	Fits only one way
Fuses & Protection
F1	1	Fuse-PTC Polymer	JK30, 1.5A, 16 V (or more)	5.1mm pitch, PTH	Protects from sustained overcurrent conditions	None
FH1	1	Fuse Holder	1808 (/w 3A)	SMD	Protects from sustained overcurrent conditions	None
Filters & Noise Suppression
FB1, FB2	2	Ferrite Bead	BLM31PG121SN1L	1206 SMD	CAN Network Bus Data Line Noise Suppression Ferrite Bead	None
FB3, FB4	2	Ferrite Bead	BLM31PG121SN1L	1206 SMD	I2C Data Line Noise Suppression Ferrite Bead	None
Connectors
J1	1	Connector	5557 ATX RA	PTH	Power input connector to power the LCC Fusion Node Card when power is not being supplied via the CAN Network Bus cable	GND pin is marked on board with square pad
J2	1	Connector	Spring/Screw	2.54mm pitch, PTH	Power input connector to power the LCC Fusion Node Card when power is not being supplied via the CAN Network Bus cable	Position connections outward
J3	1	Connector	USB-C Socket	4-Pin SMD	Power input connector to power the LCC Fusion Node Card when power is not being supplied via the CAN Network Bus cable	Fits only one way
J4	1	Connector	Power Jack	DC-005, PTH	Power input connector to power the LCC Fusion Node Card when power is not being supplied via the CAN Network Bus cable	Fits only one way
J5	1	Connector	USB-C Socket	4-Pin SMD	Power output connector used to power other 12 V+ devices	Fits only one way
J6	2	Connector	Spring/Screw	2.54mm pitch, PTH	Power output connector used to power other 12 V+ devices	Position connections outward
J7	1	Connector	5557 ATX RA	PTH	Power output connector used to power other 12 V+ devices	GND pin is marked on board with square pad
J8, J9	2	RJ45 Socket	8P8C	PTH	Network cable connector for Power and CAN. See notes above for required cable wiring	Fits only one way
J10	1	JST XH Socket Spring/Screw	2P, 2.54mm Connector	PTH	Battery connection from Battery Card	Position connections outward
J11	1	Spring/Screw	2.54mm pitch	PTH	CAN Network connection for use with CANable Module (without isolation), or direct wiring	Position connections outward
J12¹	1	Male header	3-Pin, right angle, 2.54mm pitch	PTH	CAN Network connection for use with CANable Module	None
J13	1	Male Header	4-Pin, 2.54mm	PTH	Used to connect 0.96” OLED Display	None
JP1	1	Male Header	3-Pin, 2.54mm	PTH	Used to select whether to regulate input voltage to 12 V+ or bypass to use power supplied voltage	None
JP2	1	Male Header	2-Pin, 2.54mm	PTH	Used to bypass the inline 3A fast blow fuse (FH1)	None
JP3, JP4	2	Male Header	2-Pin, 2.54mm	PTH	Used to select the Power-CAN Card number (1 or 2) within the LCC Node Cluster (determine unique I2C communications) of the ADS1115 IC’s	None
Indicators
LED1	1	LED	Red	1206 SMD	Power indicator	Reference back of LED, position cathode towards PCB left edge
Inductors & Resistors
L1	1	Inductor	33uH	PTH	Used for 5V voltage regulation	None
R1, R2	2	Resistor1		1206 SMD	Required when using a CAN Adapter. Limits current to optocoupler (LEDs). Use 750Ω to limit current to 5mA	None
R3, R4, R5, R6	4	Shunt Resistor	0.01Ω , 0.25W	1206 SMD	Used in differential voltage measurement.	None
R7	1	Resistor	47kΩ	1206 SMD	Voltage Divider for 40 V input (R1 – High Side).	None
R8	1	Resistor	5.6kΩ	1206 SMD	Voltage Divider for 40 V input (R2 – Low Side).	None
R9, R10	2	Resistor	10kΩ	1206 SMD	Voltage Divider for 12 V input (R1/R2).	None
R11	1	Resistor	1k Ω	1206 SMD	Current limiting to Power LED	None
R12	1	Resistor	1k Ω	1206 SMD	Regulator voltage divider (R1)	None
R13	1	Resistor	3.3k Ω	1206 SMD	Regulator voltage divider (R2) damping lower freq.	None
SH1	1	Jumper Cap	2.54mm pitch	N/A	`OUTPUT POWER` selector for setting 12 V bypass. Set to `INPUT` when NOT using the 12 V power regulator	None
ICs
U1, U2	2	Optocoupler	6N137	DIP8, PTH	Required when using a CAN Adapter to provide Windows protection from the CAN network	Position IC’s indent towards PCB right edge
U3, U4	2	Analog to Digital Converter	ADS1115	MSOP-10 SMD	Used to convert the analog voltage reading into digital and transmitting via I2C to Power Node	Position IC’s corner dimple (pin 1) towards PCB top/right edges
Voltage Regulators
VR1	1	Voltage Regulator	L7812CV	TO-220, PTH	12 V voltage regulator for LCC Fusion Node Bus Hub	Position Heat sink towards PCB top edge
VR2	1	Voltage Regulator	LM2596-ADJ	TO-263 KTT, SMD	5V voltage regulator (buck) for ESP32 Development Board and Node Bus Hub	Fits only one way
VR3	1	Voltage Regulator	LM1117-3V3	SMD	3V3 voltage regulator for Node Bus Hub	Fits only one way

When connecting a CANable Adapter with isolation, avoid connecting to the adapter’s GND pin to maintain isolation.

Tools Required

List of recommended tools.

Safety Precautions

See Safety Precautions.

Testing and Verification

Before integrating your Power‑CAN Card into your system, it is essential to confirm that the assembly is correct and that all electrical connections are sound. Follow these steps to ensure the board is ready for operation.

Visual Inspection

Initial Check: Examine the board thoroughly for any obvious issues, such as: • Missing components • Solder bridges between pads • Misaligned or loosely seated components
Solder Joint Inspection: Using a magnifying glass or microscope, inspect each solder joint for: • Cold or dull solder joints • Insufficient or excessive solder • Unintended shorts between adjacent pads
Component Orientation: Verify that all polarized components (diodes, electrolytic capacitors, voltage regulators, etc.) and ICs are oriented correctly according to the PCB silkscreen and schematic. Double-check critical components such as diodes (look for the marked cathode) and voltage regulators (ensure proper pin‑1 orientation).

Connectivity Testing

Continuity Check: Use a multimeter set to continuity mode to verify that: • There are no shorts between power rails and ground • All critical connections (traces, solder joints, and component leads) are continuous This helps ensure that the board has been assembled correctly and that no unintended open circuits or shorts are present.

Power-Up Tests

Important: Perform these tests before connecting the Power‑CAN Card to a Power Node.

Input Power Verification: • Supply at least 12 V to each of the designated input power connectors (J1, J2, J3, and/or J6) that you plan to use. • Set the OUTPUT POWER selector (JP1) to 12 V if using the 12 V regulation mode.
Voltage Measurement: Using a reliable multimeter: • Verify the 3.3 V and 5V outputs at the PRIMARY NODE connector (J7). • If regulating for 12 V, confirm that the PRIMARY NODE connector (J7) outputs a stable 12 V. • Check any dedicated 12 V output connectors (J4 and/or J5) to ensure they are supplying the proper voltage.
Thermal Check: During initial power-up, monitor the board for any components that become excessively hot. Overheating may indicate assembly errors, shorts, or incorrect component placement and should be corrected immediately.

Functional Testing

System Integration: Connect the Power‑CAN Card to the LCC Fusion Node Card and power up the combined system.
Network Connectivity: Use the LCC Configuration Tool to verify that the Node successfully connects to the LCC Node network. This confirms that the communication and power interfaces are functioning correctly.
Power Monitoring Validation: • Set the Power Card selector (via JP3/JP4) to assign a unique card number (e.g., card 1 or 2). • Install the 0.96” OLED display (connected via J13) according to your chosen mounting option. • Confirm that the OLED display accurately shows voltage, current, and power readings for the 3.3 V, 5V, and 12 V rails.

Additional Recommendations

Documentation: Record all test results and note any modifications or corrections made during the assembly process.
Safety Precautions: Use a current-limited power supply during initial testing to protect the board in case of shorts or assembly errors.
Iterative Testing: If any issues are detected during any stage of testing, resolve them before proceeding to final integration.

Troubleshooting

Reference the provided PCB diagrams while testing connections.
Verify connections between pins using ohm meter.
When regulated power is not detected, check for input voltage at each of the regulators.
Test for a ground connection supply GND, output GND, and each of the IC GND pins.

Appendences

Specifications

Specifications for the Power-CAN Card include:

When using multiple Node Cards or Quad-Node Cards, consider using ATX, terminal, or DC-005 barrel connector to provide 5V @ 3A to the Node Bus Hub.

Characteristic	Value
Nodes: Max number of Nodes (assuming 100 mA avg per Node ESP32)	30
Power-CAN Cards: Max number of Power-CAN Cards per Node Cluster⁵	2
Input: Max supply voltage (limit of 25 V capacitor C5)	25 V
Input: Max supply current via CAN Bus network cable (limited by network cable’s 2 combined power wires)	1.2A
Input: Max supply current via ATX 5557, Spring/Screw Terminal Connector, or DC-005 connector	3A
Input: Max supply current USB-C connector (without 12 V regulator, connector limit)	2A
Output: Max 3V3 output current (LM1117-3V3 regulator limitation)	800 mA
Output: Max supply current to output ATX 5557 or Spring/Screw Terminal connectors	3A
Output: Max 5V output current to Node Bus Hub^1,3	3A
Output: Max 12 V^{2, 3} to the Node Bus Hub	1.5A
Output: Max output current via USB-C	2A
Output: Max output voltage to ATX 5557 or Spring/Screw Terminal Connector	Input Voltage minus ~0.4 - 1.7 V⁴

Voltage Regulator (LM2596-5) has a 5A limit, but output is limit is reduced to 3A by traces (54 mil), vias (0.6mm hole), diodes (SS310), and 3A polyfuse (resettable).
Limit of 1.5A by 12 V voltage regulator (L7812CV)
Voltage drop of 0.5 V is caused by reverse voltage protection (SS310 diode in series)
Voltage drop is caused by reverse voltage protection (two SS310 diodes in series), drop increase with current
Limit of Node Bus Hub (3A) within the Node Cluster (one or more Node Bus Hubs connected together via pin headers)

How It Works

The Power-CAN Card supports both power distribution and CAN network connectivity across LCC Fusion devices. It connects to the Node Bus Hub and enables stable power and reliable communication between multiple Node Cards and I/O modules. Key protections against network fluctuations and reverse voltage are built in; see Protection for more.

CAN Network

The Power-CAN Card includes galvanic isolation for CAN lines using 6N137 high-speed optocouplers, which shield the LCC Fusion network from ground loops, voltage spikes, and potential security issues such as unauthorized data access or network snooping from external devices. Users can connect the card to the CAN network via network cables, direct wiring, or a CANable adapter.

Correct termination of the CAN network is essential for reliable data transmission. To meet this, the Node Card and Quad-Node Card support auto-termination by detecting low voltage and applying a 120Ω resistor as needed.

Power Supplied to Node Bus Hub

The Power-CAN Card provides regulated power to the Node Bus Hub, with various connection and regulation options (see Protection and Connections for more details):

The OUTPUT POWER selector allows users to set the power output to 12 V via a linear regulator or to bypass it, using the input supply voltage for >12 V needs.
When set to 12 V, the L7812CV regulator converts the supply voltage to 12 V for use by both the Power-CAN Card and the Node Bus Hub.
A LM2596-5 switching regulator provides a steady 5 V supply for the Node Bus Hub.
A LM1117-3V3 linear regulator supplies 3.3 V to the Hub, meeting the lower voltage requirements of certain modules.
Overcurrent protection is provided by two resettable polyfuses rated at 1.5A and 3A.
Reverse polarity protection is included via diodes on each output line.
Noise filtering is implemented with capacitors on both input and output lines to stabilize and clean the power signal.

This modular design also supports adding multiple Power-CAN Cards to a single Node Bus Hub to expand both power capacity and CAN connectivity, enabling flexible scaling for complex automation configurations.

Power Monitoring

In addition to its core functions, the Power-CAN Card features integrated power monitoring. An ADS1115 ADC is used to continuously measure critical voltages across the system—including the input power voltage (up to 40 V) and the regulated outputs (12 V, 5V, and 3.3 V)—by sampling voltage drops across precision shunt resistors and voltage divider networks. These measurements are transmitted via I²C to the Node Card, which aggregates the data and relays the information back to the Power-CAN Card. Optionally, an OLED display (mounted on a 4-pin male header) on the Power-CAN Card provides real-time visual feedback of these measurements, enabling users to quickly assess power performance and detect potential issues early. This monitoring function enhances system reliability by ensuring that power distribution remains within safe operating limits.

Connections

This section provides an overview of the connections for this card.

Component Designator	Connector Label	Connector Type	Connection Number	Function	Description
	NODE BUS	Card Edge	1-12	Power, Communications	Connection to Node Bus Hub
J1	PWR IN¹	ATX 5557 RA	V+, GND	Power In	Connection from Power Supply (14-18 V, 0.5-3A)
J2	PWR IN¹	2P Spring/Screw Connector	V+, GND	Power In	Connection from Power Supply (14-18 V, 0.5-3A)
J3	PWR IN²	USB-C	V+, GND	Power In	Connection from Power Supply (14-18 V, 0.5-3A)
J4	PWR IN²	DC-005	V+, GND	Power In	Connection from Power Supply (14-18 V, 0.5-3A)
J5	PWR OUT	USB-C	V+, GND	Power Output	Connection to next Power-CAN Card, or Node Card (14-18 V, 0.5-3A)
J6	PWR OUT	2P Spring/Screw Connector	V+, GND	Power In	Connection to next Power-CAN Card, or Node Card (14-18 V, 0.5-3A)
J7	PWR OUT	ATX 5557 RA	V+, GND	Power In	Connection to next Power-CAN Card, or Node Card (14-18 V, 0.5-3A)
J8, J9	CAN BUS	RJ45 Socket	1-8	Power & CAN In/Out	Connection to/from other LCC Nodes
J10	BATT IN	2P JST XH, screw/spring terminal	12 V, GND	Battery Card	Connection to LCC Fusion Battery Card for power backup
J11	CAN I/O⁴	3-Pin Header	CAN (CAN-H, CAN-L)	CAN Network	Connection to the CAN Network.
J12	CANable MODULE^{3, 5}	2-Pin Header	CAN (CAN-H, CAN-L)	CANable Device/Adapter	Used to connect to a CANable device / adapter.
J13	OLED Monitor	4-Pin Header	GND, VCC, SCL, SDA	Display Monitor	Connects to the OLED display (via a 4-pin male header) to show real-time monitoring of voltage, current, and power usage (for input and outputs: 12 V, 5V, 3.3 V).

Recommend using train layout accessory bus which is typically >12 V.
Recommend a laptop power supply with a USB-C and DC-005 connectors with typically provide 18-20 V and >3A (>65W) for less than $20 on Amazon.
Provides an alternative method of connect to the CAN Network. A CANable adapters attach to computers via USB.
This connection provides a galvanic isolation link to the CAN Network, ensuring electrical isolation between the CAN Network and LCC Fusion devices.
This connection does NOT provide a galvanic isolation link to the CAN Network for a electrical isolation between the CAN Network and LCC Fusion devices. For protection, insure that the CANable Adapter provides the required isolation.

Protection

The Power-CAN Card ensures stable voltage regulation and protection against various electrical faults for the LCC Fusion Node Card. Below is an overview of each protection component integrated into the Power-CAN Card and its role:

Protected Component	Protection Component	Function	Specifications	Location
Monitoring System	ADS1115, ESP32, (Optional) OLED Display	Continuously monitors the input voltage/current/power and output levels (12 V, 5V, 3.3 V) to detect anomalies early and provide real-time data for fault detection.	Real-time monitoring with programmable thresholds; minimal voltage drop on sensor nodes; low-power operation	Integrated on the Power-CAN Card with sensor nodes connected to the power rails (input and outputs).
Entire Board (Relays, Devices, Voltage Regulator)	Crowbar Diode, Resettable Fuse	Crowbar Protection protects against reverse polarity by short-circuiting the power supply when connected backward, blowing the fuse to protect the circuit	Diode becomes forward-biased if reverse polarity occurs	Across the power supply input (ACC V+ to ACC GND) C V+ to ACC GND)
Entire Power-CAN Card	Fast Blow Fuse	Protects from current overflow	Hold Current: 3A	In series with the incoming Vcc line
Entire Power-CAN Card	Polyfuses	Protects from sustained overcurrent conditions by increasing resistance when the 3V3 or 5V current exceeds 1.5A. Resets once the fault condition is cleared.	Hold Current: 1.5A	In series with the 5V, 3V3 output lines
Entire Power-CAN Card	TVS Diode SMBJ18A	Protects from high-voltage transients by clamping voltage spikes, preventing them from reaching sensitive components.	Stand-off Voltage: 18 V Clamping Voltage: 29.2 V	Across the incoming Vcc and GND lines
Input/Output Connectors	SS310 Diodes	Protect against reverse voltage by blocking current flow in the wrong direction.	Reverse Voltage: 100 V Forward Current: 3A	In series with each input/output power connector
CAN Bus	Galvanic Isolation	Isolates CAN network from local circuitry, preventing ground loops and noise transfer.	High Speed Optocouplers (6N137)	In series between CAN transceiver and CAN bus lines
CAN Bus	PESD1CAN Diodes	Protect against ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) from the CAN network lines	Reverse Stand-off Voltage (Vr): 24 V Clamping Voltage (Vc): 40 V	Across each I2C (CAN-H, CAN-L) input line and GND
CAN Bus	BLM31PG121SN1L Ferrite Beads	CAN Network Bus Data Line Noise Suppression Ferrite Bead		In series with the CAN network lines (CAN-H, CAN-L)
LM2596-5 Regulator	Input Capacitor	Filters out high-frequency noise and transient voltage spikes from the input power supply, ensuring stable voltage regulation.	Value: 100 uF electrolytic	Across the input (Vcc) and GND
LM2596-5 Regulator	Output Capacitor	Filters out high-frequency noise and transient voltage spikes from the output, ensuring stable 5V regulation.	Value: 100 µF electrolytic	Across the output (5 V) and GND
L7812CV Regulator	Input Capacitor	Filters out high-frequency noise and transient voltage spikes from the input power supply, ensuring stable voltage regulation.	Value: 0.33 µF ceramic	Across the input (Vcc) and GND
L7812CV Regulator	Output Capacitor	Filters out high-frequency noise and transient voltage spikes from the output, ensuring stable 12 V regulation.	Value: 0.1 µF ceramic	Across the output (12 V) and GND
Ground Bus	48mil Ground Bus	Provides a low-resistance path for all protection components, ensuring effective grounding and noise suppression.	Width: 48 mil	Used by all protection components

Summary

These protection components work together to safeguard the Power-CAN Card from various electrical faults. The polyfuse provides overcurrent protection, the TVS diode clamps high-voltage spikes, and the SS310 diodes protect against reverse voltage. Decoupling capacitors filter out noi/se and transient voltage spikes, ensuring stable voltage regulation. The Power-CAN Card currently has capacitors installed for the LM2596-5 and L7812CV regulators, which help filter the input to the LM1117-3.3 V regulator. It is still recommended to install the 2x 10µF capacitors for the LM1117-3.3 V regulator to ensure optimal performance. Together, these components ensure the Power-CAN Card operates reliably, providing stable 12 V, 5V, and 3.3 V outputs to the LCC Fusion Node Card.